Bleeding from a wound can stop in a short time in humans due to the coagulability of blood. There are 13 types of blood clots in our body for blood clotting. However, bleeding does not stop easily in some people due to a lack of clotting factors. This is hemophilia.
Statistics show that one in 5,000 boys have this disorder. Around 44 lakh people worldwide are affected by this deficiency. Next to the US, India has the highest number of people affected by this deficiency.
What is hemophilia?
It is an inherited bleeding disorder. However, not only hereditary; Hemophilia can also be caused by cancer, autoimmune diseases, or coagulopathy during pregnancy.
It is caused by a genetic mutation on the X chromosome. Males are mostly affected by this disease. This defect is rare in women.
Categories
In this, there are three types. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX. Hemophilia C is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor XI.
Among these, hemophilia A is the most important disorder. Others are rare. Depending on the extent of the covering material defect, this damage is classified as mild, moderate and severe.
Laboratory experiments
Details such as whether the patient’s parents had such an effect, whether this disease has occurred to anyone in their family, whether the female members of the family have the gene that can spread this disease, etc. should be known.
Along with a general physical examination of the patient, a blood cell count should be done. Blood count, bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (APTT time) should be known.
The amount of blood clots that have decreased should be calculated. The extent of clotting factor 8 deficiency should be known and confirmed. Levels of inhibitory proteins (VIII inhibitors) can also be calculated.
treatments
When the joint is affected by bleeding, it is good to give ice pack. If there is frequent blood loss, blood should be given. Some people may need to receive a transfusion of freshly processed plasma. Some medicines that prevent bleeding are also useful for them.
Transamic acid helps prevent minor bleeding. The 8th coat of desmopressin helps to increase the substance in the blood. Recombinant clotting factors produced by modern technology are beneficial and prevent various infections.
Drugs (emicizumab) are also available for treatment to control resistance proteins. Importantly, psychological counseling is essential for the disabled person and his relatives.
Other observations
The injections given to affected children should be given just under the skin. It prevents bleeding.
Extreme caution should be exercised during tooth extraction and surgery.
They should not be given pain relievers such as aspirin.
Ion method can be used to treat muscle-joint swelling caused by bleeding.
symptoms
Even minor injuries can cause profuse bleeding.
Bleeding under the skin can cause discoloration of the skin.
From the nose
Bleeding may occur.
Hemorrhage may occur in the body and organs.
Bleeding may occur during defecation and urination.
Hemorrhage may occur in joints and muscles.
Due to pooling of blood in the joints of hands and feet, swelling and pain will occur.
Due to intracerebral hemorrhage,
Disturbances like headache, vomiting, vision problems, convulsions, paralysis, change in activities may occur and the patient may become unconscious.